Fume treatment is a vital step in battery recycling that focuses on managing and neutralizing hazardous gases and vapors generated during various recycling processes. These gases can include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acidic fumes, and other potentially harmful substances. Proper fume treatment helps mitigate environmental impact and ensures the safety of both workers and the surrounding community.
Wet Scrubbers
Wet scrubbers play a crucial role in eliminating compounds, corrosive chemicals, and particulates from exhaust gases before they are released or undergo further processing. Particularly useful for acid gas control and particulate collection, the system’s packed tower scrubbers are designed to remove chemical contaminants from gas streams. This technology can handle diverse airflows and materials, ensuring the safe release of clean air.
The scrubbers consist of perforated trays within a vertical cylindrical tower. The interaction between liquid and gas occurs through the tray holes, with gas absorption facilitated by a foaming effect. After treatment, the gases are either safely released into the environment if they meet regulatory standards, or recirculated back into the process if appropriate.
Wet Scrubber Operation
A liquid, typically water, is injected into the waste gas stream. The liquid droplets impact and entrain particulates from the waste gas, collecting them in the sump for blowdown. The treated air is then discharged through the exhaust stack. The selection of absorption liquids depends on the content of the gas mixture. The absorption process occurs when polluted gas passes through a washing tower, and particles larger than 1 mm in diameter collide with water droplets or wet surfaces.
Chemical Washing Tower
- Optimum Design: Ensures sufficient contact time for the complete reaction between the liquid and pollutants.
- Special Geometry: Provides an extended contact surface, as reactions can take as long as tens of seconds.
Waste gas treatment units are designed to minimize harmful emissions, contributing to environmental protection and workplace safety. By effectively neutralizing toxic gases, these systems help meet clean air standards and create a healthier industrial environment. As an integral part of the battery recycling process, they enhance overall sustainability and ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Technical Specifications
The Waste Gas Treatment Unit is designed to remove acidic gases, volatile compounds, dust and hazardous emissions generated during hydrometallurgical and thermal recycling processes. The system combines chemical scrubbing, gas cooling and mist elimination to ensure environmentally compliant emissions.
| Model | Gas Flow Capacity | Process Type | Scrubbing Stages | Scrubber Fan Power | Circulation Pump Power | Approx. Dimensions (W × L × H) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WGT-1K | 1,000 Nm³/h | Wet Chemical Scrubber | 1 | 3 kW | 1.5 kW | 1,200 × 1,800 × 3,000 mm |
| WGT-2.5K | 2,500 Nm³/h | Wet Chemical Scrubber | 1 | 5.5 kW | 2.2 kW | 1,500 × 2,200 × 3,500 mm |
| WGT-5K | 5,000 Nm³/h | Packed Bed Scrubber | 2 | 11 kW | 4 kW | 2,000 × 3,000 × 4,000 mm |
| WGT-10K | 10,000 Nm³/h | Packed Bed Scrubber | 2 | 22 kW | 5.5 kW | 2,500 × 3,800 × 5,000 mm |
| WGT-20K | 20,000 Nm³/h | Multi-Stage Scrubber | 2–3 | 37 kW | 7.5 kW | 3,200 × 4,800 × 6,000 mm |
| WGT-30K | 30,000 Nm³/h | Multi-Stage Scrubber | 3 | 55 kW | 11 kW | 3,800 × 5,600 × 6,500 mm |
| WGT-50K | 50,000 Nm³/h | Multi-Stage Scrubber | 3 | 90 kW | 15 kW | 4,800 × 7,000 × 7,500 mm |
Standard Technical Features
- Multi-stage wet chemical gas scrubbing
- Packed-bed absorption column
- High-efficiency mist eliminator
- Chemical dosing system
- Automatic pH control
- Corrosion-resistant construction (PP / FRP / PVC / HDPE)
- High-efficiency centrifugal exhaust fan
- Chemical recirculation tank
- Continuous circulation pump
- PLC & HMI automation
- Differential pressure monitoring
- Easy maintenance access
- Modular design
- Low operating and maintenance costs
Typical Pollutants Removed
| Pollutant | Typical Removal Efficiency* |
|---|---|
| HCl | >99% |
| HF | >99% |
| SO₂ | Up to 99% |
| NOx (with suitable reagent) | Up to 95% |
| Acid mist | >99% |
| Dust / Fine Particles | >99% |
| VOCs (optional configuration) | Process dependent |
*Removal efficiency depends on gas composition, chemical dosing and operating conditions. Industrial packed-bed scrubbers are commonly designed to achieve very high removal efficiencies for acid gases when properly configured.
Operating Conditions
| Parameter | Recommended Value |
|---|---|
| Gas temperature | Up to 80°C (higher with gas cooling) |
| Operating pressure | Slight negative pressure |
| Scrubbing liquid | Water or chemical solution |
| Recirculation pH | According to pollutant type |
| Packing material | PP or PVC |
| Design pressure drop | 800–2,000 Pa |
| Chemical dosing | Automatic |
System Connections
- Waste gas inlet
- Clean gas outlet (stack connection)
- Chemical dosing inlet
- Fresh water inlet
- Chemical solution drain
- Overflow connection
- Recirculation pump connections
- Electrical power supply
- Instrument air connection (optional)
- Inspection and maintenance access